PhD / Research · Ethics and Research Integrity

Informed consent in research

Informed consent is an ongoing communication process that supports a potential participant’s voluntary choice to join, continue or withdraw from research.

Open interactive lesson & self-check ↗

Study designs: where do you start?

Original conceptual SVG · scalable
Research questionpopulation · outcome · timeDesign selectionObservationalexposure not assignedRandomized trialintervention assignedEvidence synthesissystematic reviewEvery design still needs ethical approval, valid measurements and bias assessment

A simplified decision map; study ethics, temporal sequence, feasibility and bias safeguards before selecting a design.

Concept 01

Essential information

Communicate research purpose, procedures, foreseeable risks, potential benefits, alternatives where relevant, confidentiality protections and whom to contact for questions.

Concept 02

Capacity and voluntariness

Assess understanding and decision-making capacity. Protect against coercion and undue influence; additional safeguards may be necessary for vulnerable populations.

Concept 03

Document and revisit consent

Use an ethics-approved process suited to context. New material information may require renewed discussion; consent alone does not substitute for ethical study design or data protection.

Education / safety note: Institutional ethics committee approval and applicable law govern the actual procedure; doctoral trainees should consult their supervisor and the local ethics committee.

Reference and next reading

Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.

Official / publisher source: ICMR biomedical research ethics guidelines ↗Official / publisher source: ICMR biomedical research ethics guidelines ↗Official / publisher source: PubMed ↗