MD / MS / DNB · MD Geriatric Medicine

Frailty

Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors arising from reduced physiological reserve across multiple systems. It is related to but distinct from age alone, disability and multimorbidity.

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Frailty — specialty learning map

Original conceptual SVG · scalable
ORIGINAL SPECIALTY CONCEPT MAP · NOT A DIAGNOSTIC IMAGEClinical phenotypeobservable vulnerabilityAccumulated deficitsmultidomain viewTriggers and consequencesstressor sensitivityPerson-centered evaluationmodifiable contributorsFrailtyFOUR CONNECTED DOMAINS

Original overview diagram showing four related domains. This is not a literal anatomy drawing, histologic image or clinical decision rule.

Concept 01

Clinical phenotype

Common assessment frameworks consider features such as unintended weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slow gait and low physical activity.

Concept 02

Accumulated deficits

An alternative framework counts relevant health deficits across function, disease, cognition and other dimensions.

Concept 03

Triggers and consequences

Illness, hospitalization, surgery and medication changes can lead to disproportionate functional deterioration in vulnerable individuals.

Concept 04

Person-centered evaluation

Nutrition, mobility, medications, sensory problems, support and patient priorities may guide preventive or restorative care.

Education / safety note: Frailty instruments differ and should not be used to deny treatment automatically or infer an individual’s competence.

Reference and next reading

Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.

Official / publisher source: NBEMS DNB broad-specialty curricula ↗Official / publisher source: NCBI Bookshelf ↗Official / publisher source: PubMed ↗