Cardiology: heart failure and arrhythmias
At postgraduate level, cardiovascular assessment combines structural disease, hemodynamic consequences and rhythm mechanisms with carefully interpreted investigations.
Open interactive lesson & self-check ↗Cardiology: heart failure and arrhythmias — learning map
Original conceptual SVG · scalableOriginal schematic relationship map for this topic; relationships are organized for study, not intended as an anatomical depiction or a diagnostic algorithm.
Heart failure phenotype
Echocardiographic ventricular function, filling pressures, symptoms and etiologic context inform phenotype; ejection fraction does not replace comprehensive assessment.
Electrical mechanism
Re-entry, abnormal automaticity and triggered activity are broad arrhythmia mechanisms; ECG morphology and clinical stability guide evaluation.
Risk and comorbidity
Kidney function, ischemia, electrolytes, endocrine disorders and medication effects may worsen cardiac dysfunction or provoke rhythm disturbances.
Integrated pathway
Specialist assessment combines imaging, rhythm monitoring, precipitating factors, evidence-based therapies and shared discussion of benefit and risk.
Reference and next reading
Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.