MBBS · Pathology

Thrombosis and embolism

A thrombus is a blood clot that forms within the cardiovascular system during life; an embolus is material traveling through the circulation that may lodge downstream.

Open interactive lesson & self-check ↗

Virchow triad: contributors to thrombosis

Original conceptual SVG · scalable
EndothelialinjuryAlteredblood flowHyper-coagulabilityTHROMBOSISrisk factorsAll three concepts may act together; they are not mutually exclusive

Three interacting contributors. This is not a coagulation-factor pathway, or a patient risk score.

Concept 01

Virchow triad

Endothelial injury or dysfunction, altered blood flow and increased coagulability are three broad contributors to thrombosis.

Concept 02

Thrombus and embolus differ

A thrombus forms in situ; part of it may detach and travel as a thromboembolus. Other embolic materials exist, but are less common.

Concept 03

Clinical correlation

Location determines potential consequences, ranging from tissue ischemia to obstruction of pulmonary blood flow. Assessment and management are context-dependent.

Education / safety note: Diagram is a mechanism map only; it is not a method to diagnose or stratify a patient.

Reference and next reading

Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.

Official / publisher source: NMC official CBME Curriculum 2024 and current regulations index ↗Official / publisher source: NCBI Bookshelf ↗Official / publisher source: PubMed ↗