MBBS · Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

Hearing physiology

Hearing converts acoustic pressure waves to patterned electrical activity in cochlear hair cells and ascending auditory pathways.

Open interactive lesson & self-check ↗

Hearing physiology — learning map

Original conceptual SVG · scalable
LABELED RELATIONSHIP MAP · SCHEMATIC, NOT TO SCALEOuter and middle earcollect and transmitCochlear mechanicsfrequency separationHair-cell transductionmechanical to electricalCentral pathwayinterpret soundHearing physiologyKEY RELATIONSHIPS

Original schematic relationship map for this topic; relationships are organized for study, not intended as an anatomical depiction or a diagnostic algorithm.

Concept 01

Outer and middle ear

The pinna and external canal direct sound toward the tympanic membrane. Ossicles transfer motion toward the oval window.

Concept 02

Cochlear mechanics

Traveling waves along the basilar membrane peak at different locations according to sound frequency.

Concept 03

Hair-cell transduction

Stereociliary deflection changes ion conductance in sensory hair cells, altering neurotransmitter release onto auditory afferents.

Concept 04

Central pathway

Auditory nerve signals ascend through brainstem nuclei, thalamic relays and auditory cortex, supporting sound localization and perception.

Education / safety note: Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss require distinct evaluation; a schematic cannot diagnose the cause.

Reference and next reading

Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.

Official / publisher source: NMC official CBME Curriculum 2024 and current regulations index ↗Official / publisher source: NCBI Bookshelf ↗Official / publisher source: PubMed ↗