Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus describes sustained dysregulation of blood glucose due to impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action or both. Disease mechanisms and care pathways differ by type.
Open interactive lesson & self-check ↗Insulin regulation: simplified feedback
Original conceptual SVG · scalableGlucose regulation uses many interacting hormones and tissues. This chart isolates the beta-cell / insulin component.
Trace normal regulation
Pancreatic beta cells release insulin in response to elevated glucose; insulin affects hepatic glucose output and promotes nutrient storage and uptake in insulin-responsive tissues.
Compare mechanisms
Type 1 diabetes usually involves autoimmune beta-cell destruction and profound insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes commonly involves insulin resistance with progressive beta-cell dysfunction.
Connect to complications
Persistent hyperglycemia can damage small and large blood vessels over time. Comprehensive care addresses metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, neurological and psychosocial health.
Reference and next reading
Explore the original curriculum and publisher-hosted resources for full-depth reading; this note is an original schematic introduction, not an exhaustive chapter.